Abstract: Focusing on engineering micro-units, this paper systematically reviews the erosion characteristics and runoff and sediment generation mechanisms of five typical micro-units, including tower foundation platforms, construction access roads, tensioning and pulling sites, temporary soil stockpiles, and spoil disposal sites. The analysis shows that runoff generation mechanisms differ significantly among micro-units. Infiltration-excess runoff dominates on construction access roads and tensioning and pulling sites, saturation-excess runoff dominates in tower foundation backfill areas and temporary soil stockpiles, and mixed mechanisms occur at spoil disposal sites. Sediment generation is mainly controlled by rill erosion, retrogressive gully erosion, and shoulder gullying. The study indicates that empirical models, process-based models, and data-driven methods each have specific applicability boundaries. Future research should focus on the classification, mechanisms, and parameterization of micro-units, develop a refined prediction framework coupling physical mechanisms with data-driven approaches, and strengthen synchronous multi-unit observation and parameter standardization.