Abstract: Driven by the "dual carbon" goals, the construction of a new power system is accelerating. Characterized by the interaction among multiple entities within the "source–grid–load–storage" framework, the strategic interactions among various parties have become increasingly complex. Game theory provides an effective tool for coordinating and resolving multi-party interest conflicts in this context. This paper systematically reviews game theory-based optimization methods for the new power system. First, it expounds the basic theories of game theory and distinguishes the application boundaries between cooperative and non-cooperative games. Then, it summarizes their applications in long-term energy storage planning, power dispatching, and electricity markets. Finally, it compares various algorithms for solving game equilibria. This paper clarifies the positioning and boundaries of different game paradigms in power system optimization, provides methodological guidance for researchers to select appropriate game models and solution algorithms for specific problems, and looks forward to future research directions.