Abstract: In view of the needs of rural energy structure transformation and the shortcomings of traditional power supply models, combined with the policy background of Circular 136, this paper aims to explore the development path, key technologies and profit models of rural distributed photovoltaics to help the low-carbon and sustainable development of rural energy.By analyzing the resource and load characteristics of rural distributed photovoltaics, combined with the policy impact of Circular 136, this study conducts in-depth research on key technologies such as grid-connected inverters, power quality governance, and microgrid control, proposes innovative directions such as high-efficiency module research and development, intelligent operation and maintenance, and discusses resource integration and profit models under the framework of virtual power plants.The results show that rural distributed photovoltaics have the characteristics of regional dispersion and seasonal load fluctuations, and the subsidies and standards of Circular 136 significantly improve the feasibility of the project. The research overcomes the technical problems of grid connection to adapt to rural power grids, constructs integration models such as "photovoltaic agriculture", and verifies the potential of virtual power plants to achieve profitability through electricity market transactions and value-added services.The research believes that rural distributed photovoltaic is an important starting point for energy transition, policy support and technological innovation are the key to development, and its innovation point is to propose a technical optimization path to adapt to the rural environment, build a "policy-technology-model" collaborative system, and realize the large-scale utilization and diversified profitability of decentralized resources through virtual power plants, providing practical reference for the rural energy revolution.