Abstract: To address the limitations of traditional detection methods in 10 kV distribution networks, which rely on estimating from the exposed portion and cannot directly measure the actual buried depth, this study proposes a non-destructive testing method based on impact elastic waves. By analyzing the propagation and reflection characteristics of elastic waves in poles, a buried depth detector was developed. Experiments covering different soil types (e.g., clay, sandy soil) as well as air medium conditions were conducted to verify its accuracy. The results show that the measurement error of the instrument does not exceed 5%, effectively detecting the buried depth of poles under these conditions. This method effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional approaches in complex environments, providing a reliable tool for the safety assessment of power facilities.