Abstract: With the increasing scarcity of urban land resources, the miniaturization transformation of substations has become a critical measure to enhance land use efficiency. However, challenges such as earthwork settlement, concrete cracks, and leakage during civil construction severely compromise engineering quality and the long-term stability of sub-stations. Taking a 220 kV substation in Beijing as an example, this study investigates core issues in civil construction through theoretical modeling and case analysis. Finite element software was employed to simulate settlement under different layer thicknesses of backfilling, demonstrating that a 0.3 m layer thickness reduced settlement by 5.7% compared to 0.5 m. Techniques such as geogrid reinforcement, self-healing concrete, and standardized curing procedures were introduced to effectively mitigate settlement and crack risks. Additionally, enhanced waterproofing measures for weak structural nodes were proposed to address leakage. Systematic management strategies, including personnel training, technical reviews, material inspection, and schedule control, were also outlined. The findings provide technical references and managerial guidance for similar projects, driving advancements in civil construction practices within the power industry.